Digital Communication-Technology and Advancements

Usage of the benefits of electrical communication has become an inseparable part of our lives now. Through this paper, I have tried to summarize various technologies that are important in the field of digital communication and have also included the recent advancements in the same field. The paper starts with the basic idea about the communication system followed by basic modulation techniques like amplitude, frequency and phase modulation. The paper then explains the analog to digital conversion techniques including the basics about sampling theorem, pulse-code modulation, quantization of signals followed by digital modulation techniques like Amplitude shift keying, Frequency shift keying, Phase shift keying, Binary Phase Shift Keying, Binary Frequency Shift keying, M-ary digital Modulation technique and Quadrature Amplitude Shift Keying . It then covers the problems of occurrence of noise and error in various modulation systems and the methods of reducing it like coding for error detection and correction. Lastly, the various latest advancements in the field of digital communication have been discussed for instance the new graphene technology that has the potential to break the current speed limits in digital communication as demonstrated by the scientists at the University of California, the advancements in underwater acoustic (UWA) digital communication as per the paper published in IEEE in the oceanic engineering and recent developments using Phase Shift Keying on High Frequency.